Swift

Getting Started

1. What is Swift?What Swift is, where it's used, and why Apple built it to replace Objective-C.
2. Setting Up SwiftInstalling Swift, running your first file, and where Xcode and Swift Playgrounds fit in.
3. Variables and ConstantsDeclaring values with var and let, and how Swift infers types without you writing them out.

Types & Strings

1. Basic TypesSwift's fundamental types — Int, Double, String, and Bool — and how the compiler enforces them.
2. String InterpolationBuilding strings out of variables and expressions with Swift's \(...) syntax.

Optionals

1. Understanding OptionalsWhy Swift wraps "maybe no value" into the type system itself, and what Optional actually is.
2. Optional BindingSafely unwrapping optionals with if let and guard let instead of force-unwrapping.
3. Nil-Coalescing and Optional ChainingProviding fallback values with ?? and safely reaching into nested optionals with ?.

Control Flow

1. Operators in SwiftArithmetic, comparison, and logical operators, plus the range operators Swift uses everywhere.
2. Conditionals and Switchif/else as expected, plus Swift's switch statement — far more powerful than a simple multi-way branch.
3. Loops in Swiftfor-in and while loops, and the control statements that shape how they run.

Collections & Functions

1. ArraysOrdered, type-safe collections — creating, mutating, and iterating over an Array.
2. Dictionaries and SetsKey-value storage with Dictionary, and unique unordered collections with Set.
3. Functions in SwiftDeclaring functions, parameter labels, default values, and returning multiple values with tuples.
4. ClosuresSelf-contained blocks of functionality that can be passed around like any other value.

Structs, Classes & Enums

1. Structs vs. ClassesValue types versus reference types — the distinction that shapes how data moves through a Swift program.
2. Properties and MethodsStored and computed properties, mutating methods, and how initializers set up an instance.
3. Enums and Associated ValuesSwift's enum goes far beyond a list of named constants, letting each case carry its own data.

Protocols, Errors & Beyond

1. Protocols and Protocol-Oriented ProgrammingDefining shared requirements with protocol, and why Swift encourages composing behavior over inheriting it.
2. Error HandlingModeling failure explicitly with throwing functions and do/try/catch.
3. Extensions and GenericsAdding functionality to existing types with extension, and writing code that works with any type using generics.
4. Introduction to SwiftUIA first look at Apple's declarative UI framework, and where to go next after learning the Swift language.